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Detailed Information on Necrotizing Enterocolitis Necrotizing enterocolitis is the death of intestinal tissue. The illness is most common among premature newborns. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) occurs in approximately 25,000 babies per year. Detailed Information on Marfan syndrome Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue the fibers that provide the framework and support for your body. Connective tissue is not a single entity, but a catch-all term for everything in your body that keeps you from falling apart. Detailed Information on Maffucci syndrome Maffucci syndrome is a really rare disorder. Maffucci syndrome is a disorder which affects the skin and skeleton, causing benign cartilage tumors, bone deformities, and dark hemangiomas to grow. Detailed Information on Nelson Syndrome Nelson's syndrome is a rare condition. Nelson syndrome is a disorder characterized by abnormal hormone secretion, extension of the pituitary gland (hypophysis), and the development of big and invasive growths known as adenomas. Detailed Information on Nephrocalcinosis Nephrocalcinosis is a kidney disorder in which there is an increased amount of calcium in the kidneys. Detailed Information on Nasal Polyposis Nasal polyps are the most common tumors of the nasal cavity. Nasal polyposis can impair a person's quality of life more than perennial allergic rhinitis. Detailed Information on Neurosarcoidosis Neurosarcoidosis refers to the neurological manifestations of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a progressive multisystem disease that commonly influences young adults. Detailed Information on Neurosyphilis Neurosyphilis is a gradually progressive and destructive infection of the brain or spinal cord. It is considered a life-threatening complication of syphilis. It occurs in untreated syphilis many years after the primary infection. Detailed Information on Nail Patella Syndrome Nail-patella syndrome (NPS) is a genetic disorder that is also known as Iliac Horn Syndrome. Nail-patella syndrome is a connective tissue that produces defects in the fingernails, knee caps, and kidneys. Detailed Information on Nodular Melanoma Nodular melanoma is the second most common type of melanoma. Nodular melanoma is known to present with bigger thickness than the other subtypes of melanoma. Detailed Information on Mycoplasmal Pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). Pneumonia is an inflammation of one or both lungs. Detailed Information on Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes influence the thyroid and other endocrine glands that produce hormones in the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and regulate the role of cells and tissues throughout the body. Detailed Information on Muscular Dystrophy Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a inherited disorder that slowly weakens the body's muscles. It's caused by inaccurate or missing genetic information that prevents the body from making the proteins it needs to build and maintain healthy muscles. Detailed Information on Myelodysplastic Syndromes Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) refers to a heterogeneous group of closely linked clonal hematopoietic disorders. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of diseases that involve the bone marrow and blood. Detailed Information on Munchausen By Proxy Syndrome Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a form of child abuse in which a parent induces real or apparent symptoms of a disease in a child. The caregiver almost always is a mother, and the victim, her child. Detailed Information on Moyamoya Disease Moyamoya illness is a rare, advanced cerebrovascular disorder characterized by the narrowing or occlusion of main blood vessels leading into the brain, and the formation of abnormal blood vessels called moyamoya vessels. Detailed Information on Mitochondrial Disease Mitochondrial myopathies are a group of neuromuscular diseases. Mitochondrial diseases result from failures of the mitochondria, specialized compartments present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. Detailed Information on Methylmalonic Aciduria Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), also called methylmalonic aciduria. Methylmalonic Aciduria is a disorder of amino acid metabolism, involving a defect in the conversion of methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to succinyl-CoA. Detailed Information on Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is known as the leukodystrophies. Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a inherited disorder that affects nerves, muscles, and other organs. Detailed Information on Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Mixed Connective Tissue Disease is also known as Sharp syndrome. Mixed connective tissue disease is a rheumatic disease that has features shared by lupus, scleroderma, polymyosistis or dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis. Detailed Information on Multiple System Atrophy MSA is also known as Shy-Drager syndrome. Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) is an adult-onset disease with features of Parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, urinary dysfunction and cerebellar ataxia. Detailed Information on Multiple Myeloma Multiple myeloma also known as myeloma or Kahler's disease. Myeloma is part of the wide group of diseases called hematological malignancies. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells in bone marrow. Detailed Information on Medullary Sponge Kidney Medullary Sponge Kidney also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease. Medullary sponge kidney is a congenital disorder of the kidneys characterized by a cystic dilatation of the collecting tubules in one or both kidneys. Detailed Information on Maple Syrup Urine Disease Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a disorder abnormally affecting the metabolism of amino acids. The disorder impresses the way the body metabolizes certain components of protein. Detailed Information on Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma A malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a type of cancer known as soft tissue sarcoma. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a malignant neoplasm of vague origin that arises both in soft tissue and bone. Detailed Information on Morquio Syndrome Morquio syndrome is a mucopolysaccharide storage disease. Morquio syndrome is a genetic disease of metabolism in which the body is missing or doesn't have enough of a substance needed to break down long chains of sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans. Detailed Information on Mowat-Wilson Syndrome Mowat-Wilson syndrome is a inherited condition that affects several parts of the body. Detailed Information on Motor Neuron Disease Motor neurone disease is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases of adult onset. Motor neurone disease is a advanced, degenerative disorder that affects nerves in the upper or lower parts of the body. Detailed Information on Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome is a unusual autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar atrophy, ataxia, cataracts, short stature and varying degrees of mental retardation. Detailed Information on Mesenteric Artery Ischemia Mesenteric artery ischemia also known as, mesenteric ischemia, acute mesenteric ischemia or chronic mesenteric ischemia. Detailed Information on Megalencephaly Megalencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder and also called macrencephaly. Megalencephaly is marked by an abnormally large, heavy, usually malfunctioning brain. Detailed Information on Moebius syndrome Moebius Syndrome is an extremely rare condition which typically affects the sixth and seventh cranial nerves. These nerves affect the face and eye muscles. Other cranial nerves may be affected, especially the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 9th, 10th and 12th. Detailed Information on Mononeuritis Multiplex Mononeuritis multiplex also known as multiple mononeuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex. Mononeuritis multiplex is a neurological disorder that involves damage to at least two parts nerve areas. Detailed Information on Myelofibrosis Myelofibrosis (MF) is one of the myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). It is also known as agnogenic myeloid metaplasia or meylofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. Myelofibrosis means fibrosis of the bone marrow. Detailed Information on Mycetoma Mycetoma is a disease prevalent in arid and semi-arid regions around the globe. Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which sometimes involves muscle, bones, and neighboring organs. Detailed Information on Myasthenia Gravis Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by frailness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. The reason of myasthenia gravis is a breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles. Detailed Information on Medullary cystic disease Medullary cystic kidney disease is an autosomal dominant kidney disorder characterized by cysts in both kidneys and tubulointerstitial sclerosis leading to end-stage renal illness. Detailed Information on Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by facial swelling, exceptionally of the lips. It involves nerves, mucous membranes, and skin, especially in orofacial region. Detailed Information on Melnick-Needles Syndrome Melnick-Needles Syndrome is a infrequent genetic disorder of the bones, but also affects the soft body tissue such as the kidneys and the renal tract. Detailed Information on Mallory-Weiss Syndrome Mallory-Weiss syndrome is a condition in which the inner lining of the esophagus tears at or near where it connects to the stomach. Mallory-Weiss syndrome may also be caused by epileptic convulsions. Detailed Information on Megaloblastic Anemia Megaloblastic (Pernicious) anemia is a type of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells. It is frequently due to lack of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid. Detailed Information on Mesothelioma Malignant mesothelioma, also known as mesothelioma cancer is a deadly cancer that affects the lining of the lung (pleura), the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum), and the lining of the heart (pericardium). Detailed Information on Mental Retardation Mental retardation is a developmental disability that is marked by lower-than-normal intelligence and limited daily living skills. People who are mentally retarded function at an intellectual level that is below average and have difficulties with learning. Detailed Information on Morgellons Syndrome Morgellons syndrome, also known as delusional parasitosis. At the present moment Morgellons disease is a very divisive skin disorder. Morgellons is an unusual parasite-like skin disease, which produces irritating sores all over the body. Detailed Information on Microscopic Polyangiitis Microvillous inclusion disease is a rare inherited disorder of the small intestine that is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. It is caused by a congenital lack of apical microvilli in the epithelial cells of the small intestine. Detailed Information on Myopia Myopia also known as Nearsightedness and Shortsightedness. Myopia is a refractive defect of the eye in which line up light produces picture hub in front of the retina when accommodation is relaxed. Detailed Information on Myotonia Congenita Myotonia congenita is a chloride channel disorder. Myotonia congenita is an inherited condition that affects muscle relaxation. The condition is present since premature childhood, but symptoms can be mild. Detailed Information on Myocarditis Myocarditis is collection of diseases of infectious, toxic, and autoimmune etiologies characterized by inflammation of the heart. Detailed Information on Ménétrier disease Ménétrier's disease is also called giant hypertrophic gastritis, protein losing gasteropathy, or hypertrophic gastropathy. Ménétrier's disease increases a person's risk of stomach cancer. Detailed Information on Meige syndrome Meige's syndrome is a type of dystonia. Dystonia is a group of movement disorders that vary in their symptoms, causes, progression, and treatments. Detailed Information on Medulloblastoma Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in kids. Medulloblastomas are tumors that occur in the posterior fossa region of the brain. Detailed Information on Melanoma Melanoma is the most risky type of skin cancer. Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes which are found predominantly in skin but also in the bowel and the eye. Detailed Information on Menkes syndrome Menkes syndrome is an inborn error of metabolism in which cells in the body cannot absorb enough copper. Copper added at oddly low levels in the liver and brain, but at elevated than normal levels in the kidney and intestinal lining. Detailed Information on Monilethrix Monilethrix is an autosomal dominant hair disease that results in short, fragile, broken hair that appears beaded. Mutations in the person basic hair keratins hHb1 and hHb6 have recently been reported in this disease. Detailed Information on Meningococcemia Meningococcemia is an acute disease of the bloodstream and developing vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels). Meningococcemia is caused by bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. Detailed Information on Metabolic disorder Metabolic disorders are genetic conditions where enzymes used to digest food do not function properly. They can lead to mild to severe brain damage, physical disability, organ failure and even death. Detailed Information on Meralgia paresthetica Meralgia paresthetica is also known as lateral femoral cutaneous nerve syndrome. Meralgia paresthetica is a condition that can cause burning pain over the outside of the thigh. Detailed Information on Melioidosis Melioidosis also called Whitmore's disease. Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is common in parts of the world of south East Asia (including Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Burma and Vietnam) and northern Australia. Detailed Information on Meningioma Meningioma is common type of dilatory growing, generally benign brain tumor that arises from the dura, one of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Detailed Information on Microcephaly Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Microcephaly is a condition that is present at birth in which the baby's head is much smaller than normal for an infant of that age and gender. Detailed Information on Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome (MSS) Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome (MSS) is a rare disorder that is genetic as an autosomal recessive genetic condition. Detailed Information on McCune Albright syndrome McCune-Albright syndrome is a inherited disease affecting the bones and pigmentation (color) of the skin. It also causes hormonal problems and early sexual development. Detailed Information on Malignant Hyperthermia Malignant Hyperthermia is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscle, discriminated by a hypermetabolic state, triggered by all volatile anesthetics and suxamethonium. Detailed Information on Marshall-Smith Syndrome Marshall-Smith syndrome is a childhood condition. Marshall-Smith syndrome is very rare in the general population. It shows to be present across the world, affecting males and females equally. Detailed Information on Mantle Cell lymphoma Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare form of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is a fast growing tumor that spreads fast to different organs of the body. Mantle cell lymphoma can arise at any age from the late 30s to old age, but is more common in the over 50s. Information on Macroglossia Macroglossia is the abnormal enlargement of the tongue. Macroglossia may arise secondary to a main disorder that may be either congenital or acquired. Macroglossia may reason major morbidity. Macroglossia slightly than because of an external growth like a tumor. Information on Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy is known hereditarily heterogeneous. LGMD2A is caused by mutations on chromosome 15 in the calpain-3 gene. There are at least 19 forms of LGMD, and they’re classified by the inherited flaws that show to cause them. Information on LEOPARD Syndrome LEOPARD syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormalities of the skin, the structure and function of the heart, the inner ear, the head and facial area, and/or the genitals. Information on Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) (caused by Chlamydia trachomatis) Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted illness that primarily infects the lymphatics. Lymphogranuloma venereum is reason by serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis. Information on Lymphomatoid Papulosis Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a rare skin disorder. Lymphomatoid Papulosis is characterised by crops of self healing skin lesions that look cancerous under the microscope but are actually benign (non-malignant). Information on Lesch Nyhan Syndrome Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS), also known as Nyhan’s syndrome. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an overproduction of uric acid, neurological disability, and behavioral problems. Information on Lymphoma Lymphoma is a group of cancers that affect the cells that play a role in the immune system, and primarily represents cells involved in the lymphatic system of the body. Information on Lymphocytic Colitis Lymphocytic colitis, a subtype of microscopic colitis. Lymphocytic colitis is a type of bowel inflammation that affects the colon (large intestine). The appearance of the inner colon lining in microscopic colitis is normal by visual inspection during colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy. Information on Lymphedema Lymphedema, also spelled lymphoedema. Lymphedema is the chronic swelling or feeling of tightness in the arm or hand due to an accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the soft tissue of the arm. Information on Liposarcoma Liposarcoma also called is soft tissue sarcomas. Liposarcoma is malignant tumor that develops in fat cells in deep soft tissues such as those in the thighs or in the retroperitoneum. Information on Lipodystrophy Lipodystrophy, also called fat redistribution, is a disorder in the way your body produces, employs, and stores fat. There are two different kinds of lipodystrophy. Information on Lichen Sclerosis At Atrophicus Lichen sclerosus (LS) also known as white-spot disease. Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus is an rare disease of unknown cause that results in white patches on the skin, which may cause scarring on and roughly genital skin. Information on Li Fraumeni Syndrome Li Fraumeni syndrome is rare, genetic predisposition to several cancers, caused by a variation in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The cancers most frequently linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome include breast cancer, a form of bone cancer called osteosarcoma, and cancers of soft tissues (such as muscle) called soft tissue sarcomas. Information on Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Langerhans cell histiocytosis also known as; Histiocytosis X. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder that arises when there are too lots of of a type of white blood cell called a Langerhans cell. Information on Lemierre's Syndrome Lemierre's Syndrome also known as necrobacillosis or post-anginal sepsis. It is caused by the bacterium Fusobacterium necrophorum, and occasionally by other members of the genus fusobacterium. Information on Legionnaire's Disease Legionnaires' disease is a type of pneumonia. Legionnaires' disease is caused by a type of bacteria called Legionella. The bacteria that reason Legionnaire's disease have been found in water delivery systems and can live in the hot, moist, air conditioning systems of huge buildings, including hospitals. Information on Laron Syndrome Laron syndrome type I (LTD1) a rare genetic disorder. Laron syndrome is caused by the body's inability to use the growth hormone (GH) that it produces. Information on Lewy Bbody Dementia Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a progressive brain illness. In Lewy body dementia, abnormal round structures called Lewy bodies develop in regions of your brain involved in thinking and movement. Information on Ledderhose Disease Ledderhoses Disease also called morbus ledderhose, plantar fibromatosis and plantar aponeurosis. Ledderhoses Disease is a relatively uncommon non-malignant thickening of the feets deep connective tissue, or fascia. Information on Leptospirosis Leptospirosis also known as, Weil's disease. Leptospirosis is contagious infection caused by several types of the Leptospira bacteria. Leptospirosis is a illness of worldwide significance that infects both animals and humans. Information on Leprosy Leprosy also called is Hansen's illness. Leprosy is a chronic bacterial infection with Mycobacterium leprae. About 95% of people who are exposed to Mycobacterium leprae do not develop leprosy because their immune system fights off the infection. Information on Linear Porokeratosis Linear Porokeratosis is a rare type of porokeratosis and characterized by chronic, unilateral extremities lesions. Linear porokeratosis generally develops in childhood or can grow in adult life. Information on Leiomyosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma [LMS] is a rare cancer. Leiomyosarcoma is a type of sarcoma which is a neoplasm of smooth muscle. It makes up 7% of soft tissue sarcomas. Information on Leukoplakia Leukoplakia is a common disease of the mouth. Leukoplakia is potentially pre-cancerous disease of the mouth that involves the formation of white spots on the mucous membranes of the tongue and inside of the mouth. Information on Leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of the sandfly. Leishmaniasis is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus leishmania. Leishmania are tiny protozoa. Information on Legionellosis Legionellosis is an infection that is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. These bacteria are found naturally in the environment and thrive in hot water and warm wet places. Information on Landau-Kleffner Syndrome Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS), also known as obtained epileptiform aphasia. Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a infancy disorder. Landau-Kleffner syndrome is characterized by the sudden or slow development of aphasia (the inability to understand or express language) and an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). Information on Laryngomalacia Laryngomalacia is a congenital abnormality of the laryngeal cartilage. It is thought to represent a delay of maturation of the supporting structures of the larynx. Information on Lamellar Ichthyosis Lamellar ichthyosis is a rare skin condition passed down through families (inherited), which affects a newborn. The newborn is born encased in a collodion membrane that sheds within 10-14 days. Information on Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare condition. It is a disorder of neuromuscular transmission caused by impaired presynaptic release of acetylcholine (Ach). Information on Locked-In Syndrome Locked-in syndrome is also called is Cerebromedullospinal Disconnection. Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in all parts of the body bar for those that manage eye movement. Information on Listeria Infection Listeriosis is a hazardous infection caused by eating food that's impure with bacteria called Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The bacteria that reason listeria infections (Listeria monocytogenes) are found in soil and water. Information on Krabbe Disease Krabbe Disease is also known as Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy. Krabbe disease is one of a group of inherited disorders called the leukodystrophies. Information on Klippel Feil Syndrome Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare disorder caused by failure of the division of the bones in the cervical (neck) section of the spinal column during embryonic development. Information on Kyrle Disease Kyrle disease is a rare pathologic condition due to a keratinization disturbance. Kyrle disease is characterized by the formation of large papules with central keratin plugs that may grow in a widespread distribution pattern. The illness is most closely connected with diabetes mellitus and renal failure.
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